Because networks increase the number of interdependencies among machines, they tend to magnify problems. As the saying goes, "Networking is when you can't get any work done because of the failure of a machine you have never even heard of."
Network management is the art and science of keeping a network healthy. It generally includes the following tasks:
- Fault detection for networks, gateways, and critical servers
- Schemes for notifying an administrator of problems
- General monitoring, to balance load and plan expansion
- Documentation and visualisation of the network
- Administration of network devices from a central site
- On a single Ethernet, it is generally not worthwhile to establish formal procedures for network management. Just test the network thoroughly after installation, and check it occasionally to be sure that its load is not excessive. When it breaks, fix it.
As your network grows, management procedures should become more automated. On a network consisting of several different subnets joined with switches or routers, you may want to start automating management tasks with shell scripts and simple programs. If you have a WAN or a complex local network, you should consider in-stalling a dedicated network management station with special software.
In some cases, your organisation's reliability needs will dictate the sophistication of your network management system. A problem with the network can bring all work to a standstill. If your site cannot tolerate downtime, it may well be worthwhile to obtain and install a high-end enterprise network management system.
Unfortunately, even the best network management system cannot prevent all failures. It is critical to have a well-documented network and a high-quality staff available to handle the inevitable collapses.
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