Want to give an old PC a new lease of life? Why not transform it into a Linux server for your home/small business network?
Why build your own Linux server? It's a good question. The answer is simple: to save money. Instead of forking out for appliances such as the D-Link DFL-700, you can build one that does exactly what you want, and gain useful experience in the process.
Given the learning curve involved, what it won't save you is time -- especially if you have little or no experience of Linux. If you need a quick solution, frankly, rolling your own Linux server to look after your home/small office network won't be top of your priorities. On the other hand, Linux expertise is both expensive and hard to come by (the two are not unrelated) so, if you plan to move any of your IT systems to Linux any time in the near future, this may be a relatively simple and -- in the longer term -- worthwhile project to undertake.
Hardware requirements
Modern PCs shrug off the kinds of loads generated by a small business network, so the same machine can perform a number of features such as file serving for Windows clients, Web caching and firewalling. We decided to adopt a typical strategy and redeploy a redundant PC -- it is, in fact, our original, 950MHz Athlon-based 'quiet PC', first seen here.
We removed unnecessary adapters, including the graphics card, which was replaced by the oldest (and therefore coolest-running) equivalent we could find in the parts bin. We swapped the 10/100Mbps network card for a gigabit (1,000Mbps) Ethernet device, providing a performance advantage that no off-the-shelf appliance at this level will deliver. We also removed an older and potentially suspect 128MB DIMM with the aim of pre-empting hardware faults -- the remaining 512GB is plenty in a moderately loaded Linux server, and reliability is paramount.
OS installation
Two disks provide storage, one 40GB the other 10GB. We used Partition Magic 8 to repartition the 10GB disk into three: 4GB bootable for the OS; a 700MB swap partition, which is a bit bigger than the memory size and should be sufficient; and the remainder as a share for administrative purposes. The larger disk we left as a single partition, with the aim of opening it up for user sharing. However, 40GB looks a little meagre these days, so it's first in line for a future upgrade -- probably to 160GB.
Selecting the right Linux distribution is the first major task. We don't need big enterprise features, but we do want high reliability, driver availability and online support from forums and newsgroups. Eliminate distros aimed more at desktop use, and you're left with Novell's SuSE Linux and Red Hat Linux (RHL), both of which have plenty of open source drivers and other software support. So with some prior experience of Red Hat Linux 9 running on the 2.4.20-30.9 kernel, we downloaded the entire 2.24GB of ISO images and burned them onto CDs -- clearly, you'll need a broadband connection for this.
Installation itself went fairly smoothly with only a couple of glitches. We could not persuade it to install from another machine on the network over a tested and working FTP connection, and we also at times had problems persuading it that one of the install CDs was readable, even though we re-burned it and swapped in another CD drive. Eventually though, Red Hat Linux 9 with the KDE 3.2 desktop environment was up and running, with all hardware recognised first time.
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Just a quick correction - if you're using a 2.4.x kernel (as in this article), you'll be using 'iptables' for firewall config rather than the older 'ipchains'. Hence I suggest you read the iptables howto rather than the ipchains one, as that won't get you far :)