Why Linux is a desktop dud

COMMENTARY-- Why isn't GNU/Linux taking the desktop market by storm? After all, when you make a feature comparison, Linux has a lot going for it.

With Windows, the operating system is just a start; you must add applications to make it functional. Many Linux distributions provide a desktop look similar to Windows and include an extensive assortment of applications, programming tools and games.

Installing Windows and sundry applications can take most of a day. Contrast that with Linux, where the process typically takes less than 60 minutes.

Windows and its applications are expensive and require costly upgrades. The cost of a Linux system is nominal, and you can download a vast number of versions for free. If your favourite Windows program hasn't been ported to Linux, software is available to let you run that application from within Linux.

Windows is limited to the offspring of the IBM-PC, while Linux systems can operate on virtually any hardware platform.

Unlike Microsoft products, when you share Linux software licensed under the GPL, you are not committing a crime. And, if a feature is missing or broken, a person with the ability can access source and modify the software.

With Windows, knowledge is hoarded and kept secret. With Linux, the exchange of knowledge is promoted.

With so many positives, desktop users should be flocking to the Linux banner. Here's why they are not.

Once you get beyond the turnkey desktop, the learning curve required to tweak your system can become formidable. Also, GNU/Linux is in the same rut as the rest of the industry; it does not relate to the power user's need for better office tools.

Hackers may brag about how easy and stable Linux is--and they would be right: Once Linux is set up to accommodate a specific computer user, it is easy and safe to operate. But it is a different story if you are a new Linux user trying to customise your system. Without access to those experienced with the operating system, such tasks like changing the screen resolution, setting up a home network or adding a new program often become unnecessarily involved projects.

Providing permanent solutions to the problems people encounter is less a technical obstacle than a commitment to refining the desktop. In addition to the programming effort, this will require a more effective communications loop between hackers, developers and users. In the meantime, a step-by-step guide is needed to help new users of the operating system solve common problems.

Office software remains stuck where it began. Development has cycled twice (mid-1980s and the mid-1990s) between a preference for standalone applications and integrated office suites. Neither is optimum and both are offspring of early applications, which artificially compartmentalise tools into separate functional work areas.

The upshot is that office software has grown more useful for generating elaborate documents than for providing tools that help efficiently organise and manage one's work process.

Professionals want to improve their productivity, but is the industry listening? We can continue upgrading through the process of diminishing returns, or we can actually solve our problems by improving the office toolset. Taking advantage of software progress over the past 25 years, we can develop tools that offer improved capabilities for people.

While several projects are creating components for developers, a project to develop modular tools for people is not on the horizon. GNU/Linux can flourish in the enterprise sector and still be a desktop dud. Though opportunity exists, the market won't abandon Windows except for something significantly better.

The GPL community could take the lead by modularising the tool capabilities found in office suites for use in a more integrated and process-oriented work environment.

With separate tools, functionality can be clarified and learning curves minimised. People could customise their workshop to include only the tools they need and to perform the same work that's currently done working with office suite applications. Tools could be added or upgraded one at a time. And new open file-standards could also evolve. But most important, a process-oriented environment would enable users to set up systems to manage their work.

Currently, the desktop is more of a low-budget sideshow, with the enterprise sector being the main event. This can change, but it will take an aggressive new approach that provides for both the necessary revenue and a mechanism to establish better relationships with computer users. To refine the user interface and evolve more useful tools, development must move beyond creative cloning. To prevail over proprietary systems, it must take the lead in providing both ease of use and productivity for the desktop user.

Do you agree with Don? Talkback below, or send your comments to edit@zdnet.com.au.

Don Soegaard, a graduate of U.C. Berkeley, is an engineer with a specialisation in operations research. You can find more of his writings at his website www.linuxwillprevail.com.

Talkback 13 comments

    once again another article wri ...Anonymous -- 15/11/02

    once again another article written by a linux idiot

    a windows install plus apps DOES NOT take a day unless you dont have a clue as to what you are doing

    same with linux, i dont really know it that well but it takes me a day to install linux then the apps/services i need

    its all about skills......not many people have the linux skills because its not as open and shut as windows

    get over yourself and write something non biased foo

    It's simple really... in order ...Anonymous -- 15/11/02

    It's simple really... in order for linux to be a viable desktop product, it needs to be simple and foolproof.
    It needs to have a standard multimedia API for developers, which it DOES NOT. No, OpenGL doesn't even come close to the features of DirectX. It is a comparative joke. This will put off gaming developers who are very happy with microsoft's environment (DirectX), and now with the XBox using the same API that audience has expanded. The only commercial games that come to linux are either written primarily for server support, or are backyard efforts by a linux fanboy.
    Your mum needs to be able to download and install solitair, without having to learn linux inside out. Again, it falls short.
    Everything needs a graphical interface, and that graphical interface needs to be standardised. Again, this is simply not the case.
    It will be many years, if ever, before Linux begins to penetrate the mainstream desktop market. It's strong as a server platform, but that's as far as it goes.

    Good article, until Linux cate ...Anonymous -- 15/11/02

    Good article, until Linux caters to the wants and needs of users it will remain marginal.

    It's such a pain in the arse t ...Anonymous -- 16/11/02

    It's such a pain in the arse to set up anything more than the most basic desktop & there is little help from 'longtimers'

    One 'support' club member recently telling me that they were not evangelists for Linux & that HE was OK.

    With an attitude like that it's hardly surprising that tentative Linux users walk away from it never to return.

    Sadly that leaves Linux "DEAD IN THE WATER"

    As far as gaming goes have you ...Anonymous -- 17/11/02

    As far as gaming goes have you played Unreal Tournament 2003 and see how well it runson linux. As far as configuring things get yourself red hat 8 it has a gui configuration option for just about everything. The price of learning a few things is much better than paying for MS's crappy software and not having the freedom of Open Source Software.

    It's frightening as some peopl ...Anonymous -- 17/11/02

    It's frightening as some people are ignorant, both in the article and the comments, but that's good for the Linux community : I think these people are scared to death.
    Changing screen resolution, set up a home network ? No computer newbie is going to do that, they don't even know it's possible !!!
    Installing new app ? Come on, it's already more standardized under every Linux distribution (and for the ignorant, if you install games at install of the system, Solitaire is already there, so no need to install more).
    And you cannot take a day to install a Linux distrib, even a computer illiterate can install one in less than an hour. If you take a complete day, you're simply stupid.
    The only people I saw trying Linux, then coming back, are lready power Windows users which try it only to bash it. These people, trying Linux, are scared to death, seeing that they still doesn't know a thing about computers : they can't handle Linux just because it's different, but people theoretically less proficient than them (like my wife) can. So they quickly go back to the only thing they believe they master. But all the others are staying. That's natural selection at its best :)

    The major difference between Windows and Linux is that Linux doesn't come preinstalled (but that's changing).
    As in why should you replace the OS you already have on the computer (Windows) when you're a newbie who doesn't even understand a computer ? If Linux was preinstalled, the computer illiterate would not change it for Windows, that's for sure. Only some kind of power users do that.

    So you know now why Linux doesn't storm the desktop, and it should have been obvious : proficient power users are not the majority of desktop users. The majority doesn't know a thing about OS or computers, and they are fine with it.

    Unfortunately, I too agree Lin ...Dave Van Abel -- 18/11/02

    Unfortunately, I too agree Linux desktop continues to be a dud. It is not a dud because it does not work - it does work.

    Installation from 12 months ago is far better. Configuration is better. Cost is better - free if you have the guts to try an FTP install (which I did this week for SuSE 8.1).

    However, after install life gets tougher. For instance, need to run Windows applications in Wine? Now that task will through you for a loop (it did me). Finally after 8-10 hours, I figured it out. Doc is poor (or totally dweeb language). And so on.

    In my case, I now have a dual-boot Windoze 98 & SuSE 8.1 Desktop computer, and plan to start working Monday 100% from Linux with UltraEdit running via Wine (my main development editor connecting to many Linux Servers). If I can get DreamWeaver to run via Wine, I have it all. Eventually, this time around, I expect to rid myself of Windoze.

    As for the non-dweeb, Linux desktop is far off. Corporations should be able to have their resident dweeb configure desktops for Linux, then turn them over to end-users.

    So for all those people out there who want to replace reliance on MS, consider teaming up with a dweeb or two and getting what you need for freedom.

    Remember, Freedom is not Free!!

    Some of the linux fanboys on h ...Anonymous -- 18/11/02

    Some of the linux fanboys on here really do spout the most far-fetched claims about this operating system! Don't you guys realis that it is just that. An operating system. You guys remind me more of a mormon or a scientologist loon. Maybe you should all get together and start your own church: Church of the fanatical linux evangelist. You could the hold a sermon each sunday to proclaim the coming of your lord, Linux. Gimme a break!
    Linux does not, as you claim, do everything! It is far from being a viable desktop replacement for HOME USERS. It may with expert preparation and planning be used for business desktop use, and certainly for server functions, but I can't see a day in the near future when this OS will be simple enough for the home user. There is a long way to go yet.

    Someone earlier mentioned that ...Anonymous -- 19/11/02

    Someone earlier mentioned that Linux on the desktop was not yet ready for the home user. Would that be the typical user? If so, I wonder what the poster thinks such a user might need.

    On my system, I'm running Linux Mandrake 9.0 with KDE 3.1. KDE 3.1 is a very nice desktop, with more eye candy and beauty than WinXP (though not as much as Mac OS X). The user interface is sophisticated and sleek, without being complex. I would encourage Win users to look into kde.org to see what I mean.

    During the course of the day one of the tools I need the most is a good email client. I have both KMail and Evolution to fill this need. Both offer stunning interfaces that are intuitive and easy to use. And with both it is comforting to realize that yes, it's just fine to open any email attachment I choose :-)

    I also browse my local/remote systems constantly, and here I couldn't ask for a better companion than Konqueror. This app has tons of plugins, allowing it to open/preview just about anything, and some nifty tools are built in. For instance, I can take a directory of photos and quickly create a web page with thumb nails for previewing, if I want something in addition to the image previewing the app already gives me. I can also rip music CDs, browse the net, manage my source control system, open multiple views (tabs), etc. And none of this requires much skill beyond being able to point a mouse at an icon.

    I usually need to compose documents/presentations as well. For this I have OpenOffice, which takes care of these and other office needs. It even appears to do some things that Microsoft Word will not do as easily. For instance, in a recent document I needed to compose a table in which the first column contained a PNG. Pretty simple using OpenWriter, not so easy w/Word.

    Games were mentioned by one poster bemoaning how hard his grandmother would have it if she tried to get a hold of solitaire. This is actually a fairly funny point in my mind, as out of the box my distro came with dozens of games of many varieties, including solitaire games!

    On my Linux box I'm always enjoying music as well. There is a great variety of multimedia applications that come with just about all distros these days, supporting sound, video, and graphics needs.

    There are things that the desktop lacks. For instance, my wife would love it if she had a Linux version of Quicken. But Linux is filling in the holes fast, and has come a great distance from where it was even a year ago.

    The bottom line that you have to remember is this. Linux on the desktop can only stay the same or get better, by virtue of the fact that it is open source. Since interest remains very high, it continues to evolve into a more user friendly experience all the time. I think that those people who continue to state that Desktop Linux is dead are unable to understand the difference between a competing corporation and a process. How something that is continuously improved by a worldwide community of people with little to no financial incentive can be declared dead is mind boggling to me.

    The ignorance of some technica ...Josh Stevens -- 19/11/02

    The ignorance of some technical linux people really does confound me. You always fail to assume that the majority of computer users know NOTHING about how an operating system works... not just Linux, but any one of them.
    Firtly, you must assume that this Linux machine has NOT magically appeared in front of them, optimised for whatever task they wish to do. Instead, they must be walked through each step of the installation process and told in the simplest of terms what each option means. Some Linux installers make a half-hearted attempt at this, most fail this task miserably.
    Now this home user is sitting in front of this shiny new linux desktop and decides he wants to change the screen resolution, because it was higher on his old windows install. The linux help system on most distros is utter crap... windows has gone through several revisions and in XP have reached close to the holy grail of help systems. I'd wager a monkey could learn how to change resolution in windows. This goes for any other common task in either operating system.
    Next task, is little Johnny wants to download a game demo from the internet. Now if this game isn't open source, he has to know what sort of processor his system has so that he can download the right compiled version for his system.
    Steve... you mentioned all of these wonderful applications that are an equal to those in windows. Do they ALL come pre-installed in any distribution, so that the user doesn't need to have previous knowledge of what these things are? Oh, and your point about all those games that came with you distibution of Linux... Were they games that people want to play? Such as Battlefield 1942, Unreal II, Neverwinter Nights, Splinter Cell, Lord of the Rings? No. You underestimate the number of people who buy windows for the games and software that are available on the platform. Microsoft have done a fantastic job of attracting developers to the platform by developing some amazing APIs, not the least of which is DirectX. Game companies develop games for primarily three reasons... the target platform has a high user base, the development for that platform is not overtly complicated and they can MAKE MONEY.
    Mark my words... the only day that linux will be a mainstream desktop operating system, is when people will have to pay for it. You may not be officially paying for the OS, but you'll be paying for the compulsary support, and the proprietry apps that are bundled with it, etc, etc. It is not and will never be free... you will always pay a price for using linux.

    You tease me!!! Now I have to ...Nick -- 23/11/02

    You tease me!!! Now I have to rummage amongst my PC spares and build another system to trial Linux. Whether it be games or work related apps that people buy computers everyone buys a PC for a specific task rather than every app available to them. In saying that, as a salesman rather than a geek as most of you appear to be, a PC is no different to buying a car, you buy a specific brand or model because it has something you want. Whether it be a 5 litre V8 grunt machine as opposed to a 1.5 litre 4 cylinder shopping trolley, your purchase is driven by a specific need. Just from the discussion, it appears Linux is in catchup mode but what is relevant is, what it currently got is applicable in part for most none desktop applications. No need for a geek to abuse another geek because they have mastered Linux and felt it suitable to their needs in which includes all their desktop needs. The sooner Bill Gates feels competition the better for all, just ask Ford!! That Monaro... mmmmmmmm but the price tag!!!

    Somewhat to my own surprise, I ...Michael Gordon -- 28/11/02

    Somewhat to my own surprise, I find myself using Linux automatically except when I cannot achieve something. Even then, I do a search on Google to find out if software exists to do what I want, and quite often I discover that I already have the software in the huge portfolio of RPMs that ship with RedHat Linux. Today, for instance, I discovered I already have GnuCash ready to install. I use The Gimp for most of my digital camera image processing. I don't do much word processing; such as I do needs to be archival (ie, not proprietary format). I compose web pages using Mozilla. I surf the internet using Mozilla or Galeon. I've discovered Pan for reading Usenet newsgroups and I love its "Bozo" filter. I have Word Perfect and Star Office installed. I have a firewall. I have really slick secure email (POP3S and IMAPS) and even secure FTP which I did not know existed until recently. I have discovered VNC and I've been doing remote-X for some time. So, it works out that I spend about 80 percent or more of my desktop time at Linux, the rest is when I need Windows for tech support providing or for Corel Draw. I have a huge collection of music CD's; many of which I enjoy only one or two pieces -- I have discovered I can make my own jukebox using GRIP to make OGG's (open source format similar to MP3) and play them with XMMS. Most of these apps installed from the RPM in a few seconds, no fuss. But some require installing libraries (Word Perfect, for instance) and that is a show stopper for the average office staff person. Some applications have extremely delicate dependencies and require endless tweaking and recompiling. So, I am *very* happy with Linux on the desktop. Since I need Linux *and* Windows, I simply have two computers, one of each. In fact, doing so allows me to use SAMBA so that the Linux appears as an NT file server to the Windows computer, and I can go the other way and mount the Windows computer into the Linux filesystem so that I can use Linux' sophisticated file management tools on Windows files.

    I think Linux on the desktop i ...Anonymous -- 03/12/02

    I think Linux on the desktop is a dud simply because the general user base is content with what they have. People don't want to learn new things and change, it's our nature. Most of us from day 1 of using a computer have been using Microsoft products and are just used to the way information is presented to us and categorized. It took me 2 full months of forcing myself to use linux 4 years ago to finally become a non windows user.

    Microsoft is only where it is today because of good timing and the fact that PC's were cheap and mass produced. It has nothing to do with technology or innovation. Just good busniness.

    Linux is not a dud because it's hard to use, or hard to change desktop resolutions. In fact, when you think about it, it's actually easier in many ways. Almost anything in Linux requires a simple change of a text file in the /etc directory (no different from the days in dos with the autoexec.bat and config.sys), where in Windows, you have to know all of the Microsoft "lingo" and be able to navigate through often times many layers of windows and Tabs.

    It is my belief that if you were to take 2 completely computer illiterate people, put one on Linux using open office, one on Windows using Microsoft Office, I doubt there would be much of a difference in productivity. But there isn't anyone like that anymore, those days are gone. Microsoft has been around from the beginning, so it only makes sense to stick with what you know.

    The best thing for Linux in my opinion is to stay the exact same way it is, simply take over the server market and grow from there. Microsoft can't touch Linux or UNIX in general when it comes to servers where a BSOD or a reboot is simply out of the question. Microsoft Windows cannot go years without a reboot or months for that matter, and that makes the difference. Well to me anyways...

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