Linux or Windows? You decide

By Silicon.com
19 December 2002 09:30 AM
Tags: linux, network, windows, os, analysts, operating, system, microsoft
COMMENTARY--It is easy to get religious about operating systems.

We receive e-mail every week from sys admins fighting the open source cause (though often at the same time forced to work with Windows or Solaris, for example), or others who are happy with their Microsoft environments and telling everyone else to grow up.

Those are two instances. Perhaps to get even more general, we could say there are millions of open source software advocates out there and one big closed source OS backer. That Microsoft is also the most successful OS vendor says something about millions of quiet Windows users. It's what politicians might have once called the Silent Majority.

So who should you put your money on? This is one of the biggest questions in IT and not one we pretend we'll answer in the following 200 words. However, two recent analyst reports are instructive.

Butler Group, in some circles still regarded as one of Microsoft's more friendly assessors, has come out and backed Linux--the most popular open source OS--as the long-term server OS winner, "by a knockout."

Read that and you might doubt Windows' future. Don't. Linux may rise at the expense of NT in the file and print space but across servers it's the proprietary Unix OSs such as AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris that will suffer.

Microsoft's future is with its .Net framework and server OS, all linked into its Web services vision. Butler places .Net in second place, in terms of market share--far above where it is now.

A second study--albeit sponsored by Microsoft--carried out by researchers at IDC controversially finds Windows has a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than Linux in most cases. You won't find a whole lot of studies that say this. Yes, Windows is straightforward, well-known, entrenched, and well-marketed, but most serious IT departments that have experimented with open source find benefits to be had with Linux.

But IDC says the lower costs for IT staff familiar with Windows puts Microsoft's baby ahead--just barely.

Of course things will change. People attain skills in certain OSs. Not all technologies live up to their hype. Companies that have money normally do a good job of holding on to it.

We can't give you an answer. Only you will decide the winners over the next 20 years.

Have you worked with both Windows and Linux--what's your choice? TalkBack below or e-mail your thoughts.

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Talkback 20 comments

    Analysts are regular joes with ...Anonymous -- 19/12/02

    Analysts are regular joes with fancy degrees and little experience .... They rarely get it right and aren't usualy worth hearing.

    Windows and Linux are both hot systems but it depends under which circumstances.

    In the office environment, I would use Windows hands down for my desktop and server environments.

    In the Enterprise, its all up in the air. I prefer, as a programmer and manager, writing for the .NET environment. Intergration and skills availibility are critcal for me.

    Programming Linux software is like a new frontier. It is these challenges and mystique that adds Linux's desirability. With Windows, find a programmer who can write a COM object and you are catering for a majority of the development requirement. Unfortunately, Linux fails to have a real option for interoperability between applications and serverware.

    I think worldwide linux will w ...Anonymous -- 19/12/02

    I think worldwide linux will win. Sure, right now its still not perfect for the average home user, but Microsoft has hit a creative wall. All they can do now is add on bells and whistles. In the mean time linux still has growing room,every month it is getting closer and closer to the windows level of ease. When the average consumer can get a high quality product for free/cheap over a more expensive bloated software product the choice will be clear. Something is wrong with any company that tells you, you can buy their product as long as you realize they will still own it. My only hope is that linux not become the next metric system. Where everyone else in the world but the U.S. uses it.

    I have been in positions where ...Anonymous -- 19/12/02

    I have been in positions where part of my duties has been to maintain office router/file/print servers and enterprise web servers. My first exposure to server operating systems was Windows NT, followed by Windows 2000, and then I began to use Linux.

    From someone who has experienced both sides of the fence in the server market, I can honestly say that Linux beats Windows hands down for simplicity, ease of setup and particularly troubleshooting, and most especially reliability.

    Sysadmins will attest to the frustration caused by a Windows box that just doesnt do the right thing, services dying for no apparent reason, and the annoying weekly reboots usually required to keep a Windows box running happily. Linux on the other hand will usually run for months (or years in some cases) without the need for a reboot, and rather than letting a rogue process kill the whole OS, you can just kill the offending process and let the server get on with it's job. Windows on the other hand will BSOD if a process sneezes.

    I wonder if these pro-Microsoft studies take into account the ongoing maintenance costs incurred by such an unreliable and complex OS. I also wonder if their TCO calculations for a Linux server are based on taking Microsoft engineers and telling them to set up a Linux box...

    I'm a fully Windows person. Wh ...Anonymous -- 19/12/02

    I'm a fully Windows person. What I mean, I have been working with windows since version 3.0 . Microsoft is a great company and windows at the moment is the most polished and user friendly OS. But one thing is very clear for me. Linux will win and Microsoft will develop software for Linux.
    I'm sure you all agree whoever owns the OS has an unfair advantage over other player in the market. IBM OS/2 was a better operating system at the time than Windows but was not successful. Why? because it does not matter whether it is Microsoft or IBM or IBSoft??.....a proprietary OS is a proprietary OS.
    The proprietary OS gives a huge unfair advantage to the owner of the technology for development of any application on that platform. The difference with the Linux is that no body owns it or sorry everybody own it, so there is no unfair advantage to any application developer for the OS and it is this fact which eventually makes Linux more successful than windows.

    I have used Windows 3, NT 4, 9 ...Anonymous -- 19/12/02

    I have used Windows 3, NT 4, 95, 98, 98 SE, 2000 and XP for networking and to date XP is definately the worst OS Microsoft has ever released. I have used Linux from Red Hat version 5, SuSE 7.0, Mandrake 8 and Slackware, Debian and Corel to name a few more where Mandrake is currently the favourite.

    I believe then and I still believe now that some things Linux does better than Windows and other things Windows does better than Linux. Each OS should be used for what it excels at rather than it's weaknesses. I use Linux on the server and Windows on the desktop. I believe at the moment the weakness with Linux is the desktop and Windows the server but for Linux this may not be for much longer. And in XP that Network Setup Wizard is more problems than it's worth.

    90-95% of all my networking problems to date are Windows based problems all involving Windows machines on the network. At times substituting third party protocols like Novell IPX/SPX is the only solution that seems to work. At most times the Linux machines come up on the network but the Windows ones don't it's like Windows can find it's competitor but not itself.

    If it came to a choice for networking I would definately say Linux but would still choose Windows for the desktop.

    Linux will win in the end. Pla ...Stephen Kuhn -- 20/12/02

    Linux will win in the end.
    Plain and simple.
    Microsoft did the challenge 10 years ago and beat out OS/2 and Macintosh. Now Microsoft has to face the music. For all the promises 10 years ago about making a better OS for cheaper, Microsoft has constantly gotten more expensive, more buggy, and more bloated. The vision of 10 years ago has been lost in greed and "marketeering" - just as AOL beat out the other competition. They did their best to keep the public "dumb", but now the public is opening their eyes to the reality and the costs involved.

    Sure, in the STUDIES that Microsoft funded, TCO is high on the linux side because of retraining and redesigning existing Windows networks. But for the beginning corporation, linux is by far the choice to make.

    All giants fall - it's part of product lifecycle and business lifecycle - so it's Microsoft's turn to fall down and learn some humility. Besides, UNIX has been around for 30 years - Microsoft, only 10. In order for Microsoft to even come close to a pure and solid OS, they're going to have to buckle under and please the public - instead of directing the public and playing "sleight of hand" tricks.

    Still quoting mystery report.. ...Anonymous -- 21/12/02

    Still quoting mystery report...
    Last time I checked the IDC reported (funded and commissioned by Microsoft) was NOT RELEASED TO THE PUBLIC. If the press had high ethics they should refuse to refer to it at all until it is released to anyone who wants to study it...

    The irony of it is that, in th ...Anonymous -- 22/12/02

    The irony of it is that, in the end, Linux will win by by beating Microsoft at it's own vision. There is no doubt that a common computing infrastructure spanning the full range of computing devices would be of great value to the users. And there also is no doubt that the confusion of data formats and incompatible applications causes a great deal of grief, wasted time and money.

    The problem is that Microsoft is both too technically incompetent to realize such a system, and far too ethically and morally corrupt to plan and guide it's design and evolution.
    The discussions about Linux replacing higher end Unixes and not NT in the server space misses the point. It is not that Linux is replacing a Unix system. The point is that the Unix system is being replace by Linux, not by MS.

    From the beginning, the best strategy for Linux was to secure those areas of computing that MS did not yet control. Those areas include small local servers, enterprise servers, point-of-sale systems, and super-computer clusters on the up side. On the other end, it includes tablets, pda's, cellphones, and industrial embedded devices. These are all areas that Microsoft plans on growing into. The desktop space is saturated, with no more growth potential of any significance.
    That strategy is working. Both are growing in the small server market, but Linux is growing faster. And here, Linux IS replacing existing MS installations. Enterprise servers are still Unix space. But as noted, Linux is starting to grow here, especially with the backing of IBM. MS is not credable here. POS and other data collection devices may depend somewhat on the enterprise server, but with open network protocols, the OS that drives them can be anything. Here cost and licensing issue will control. And in the cluster area, Linux already overwhealing dominates.

    The lower end is still a dog fight, but again MS is moving uphill. The cellphone/pda industry is avoiding MS like the plauge, after seeing what happened to the PC manufacturers.

    On the server side Linux is al ...Uno Engborg -- 22/12/02

    On the server side Linux is already a proven solution. You see large ads and comercials from Oracle and IBM every day. They wouldn't spend all that on advertisment if they didn't think they could profit from it.

    And in my personal experience Linux is more esasy to administrate and has higher reliability than windows NT4, or win2k. It has also better security features. I think of things like LIDS, stateful inspection firewall, separation of kernel and GUI routines, and above all a simpler architecture.
    In windows you are really never sure if you left some backdoor open.

    As for windows XP it's very hard to tell if its any better than its predecessors or not. After all it has only bin on the market for about a year.
    So far I have only got distress calls from people trying to deploy it. But this could be early adopter problems. However in the windows world you are supposed to uppgrade every third year and each new product is asociated with some problems.

    The forced upgrades are a serious problem with windows. In large organizations it could take several months to evaluate the new product, and perhaps a year to deploy it company wide. This leaves you very short time to get ROI if sign up for the MS license 6.0 plan. You could just buy single license but then you have a lot more product activation hazzle that will raise the cost on top of the higher single license price.

    On the client side Linux is not such an obvious choise. Today the GUI and usability is better on Linux than on windows, but what is lacking is applications. This can make it hard to switch to Linux on the desktop. Today Linux have good replacements for MS-Office, Webbrowsers, mail and to some extent calendering applicatons. But what if you need Photoshop or AutoCad?

    There are solutions, like CodeWeaver for running Windows apps on Linux but that adds complexity to the system compared to running native Linux apps or native Windows apps on windows. Another solution could be to keep a windows based termial server for windows applications and display them on Linux desktop clients.

    But if you can find the apps you need, running thin client Linux on the desktop will result in even greater savings than what you can get from the server side.

    My guess is that many organizatons will try to deploy such solutions when win2k reaches end of life or the current licensing programs runs out.

    Linux will continue to gain st ...Paul Nichols -- 22/12/02

    Linux will continue to gain steady ground, as long as Linux progresses in Management tools and development tools as it is now doing.

    Lets face the facts. Windows is a proprietary system that ties to a particular company, regular license fees, and a large degree of security holes and instability. Linux, on the other hand, has no such licensing fees, the source code is freely available to everyone (which maks customization much easier), is more secure and more stable. So for the Server or Desktop that needs to run 24 x7, Linux wins.

    Some Desktops (such as POS systems, running batch operations in a printing company, or mechanical type production lines), will work much better using Linux terminals, where the work is truly handled by the server. Some of these may need a GUI, but most do not. Terminal Services are ten times more efficient on Unix and Linux than on Windows. Score a definite win here for Linux.

    For real GUI intensive and normal office desktop work, Windows is better, not because it necessarily works better, but because there are many more programs for Windows than there are for Linux. If there existed such Items as Adobe's Phtoshop, Page Maker, etc. for Linux, this too would change. Of course MAC has a clear market in the Desktop Graphics market as well.

    Server wise, Linux is better in every respect. Sure, there will be some new training cost involved in smaller operations, where the Network and System Admins do not know anything but point and click. But the savings in terms of OS licensing, maintenance and reliability, not to mention the shorter patch times, definitely give Linux the edge. In fact our company internally, uses nothing for Production work but Linux servers. We have a Windows server as well, but it is used only as a testing environment, not a production one.

    Since we switched to Linux, our downtime for our corporate internet and Intranet has been practically nil. In fact, the only time we reboot is when we rebuild a kernel (rare), or have a hardware failure (also rare). Uptime for our Internet servers has gone from once a month to none in over 9 months. That in and of itself makes Linux a winner. The fact that we pay no license fees (except for the MS test server) makes it even sweeter.

    Windows does have better development tools overall, but this too is changing. Borland's Kylix brings a familiarity of Windows RAD development to Linux and the plethora of Java IDEs (JBuilder is a our preference) makes this superiority area for Windows less clear and less certain.

    MS' NET iniative is not an option, since it again ties you directly to MS and MS OS systems. Our company uses Java, C/C++, and Perl for our development. This assures that we can support our vertical markets.

    Many of our customers use Windows and because of our development strategies, that is fine. But many also use Linux, Solaris, AIX, and some even MAC. That too is fine with us, because we build our software like we wish to build our company; "the best tool and OS for the jobs", while leaving none of our customers behind.

    I really find some of the reas ...Jonathan Spearman -- 22/12/02

    I really find some of the reason's people list windows as better than Linux funny. Unless you are a competent tech with windows, You will consistantly have problems with the software. I am a newbie with linux, however I started installing linux with slackware 1.0 and never seem to find it hard to install. I took time to read the manuals and other books on linux and have now become comfortable with it. I still have a lot to learn but, I feel for those who say they are experienced techs and have 3 or four degree's and cert's and can't seem to install a OS. Windows definately cost more across the board, seeing how you have to pay for the OS on each cpu, certifications, upgrades and maintainence on the OS. with linux you pay only for the cd's to create the disk, and the tech's to install or maintain it. Sure we all went to school and learn our math?.Linux and Unix and Novell are way more stable than windows, they don't try to be everything, they just try to be a OS.

    wow! by these talkbacks Austra ...Anonymous -- 22/12/02

    wow! by these talkbacks Australia sure looks like a Linux friendly country....

    cool.....

    No relgion here- but definitel ...Joseph Nicholson -- 22/12/02

    No relgion here- but definitely an opinion.

    Given the nightmare of trying to ''fix'' a buddy's
    parents 5 year old Win98 machine (a proprietary
    brand with proprietary hardware) ... and ''updating''
    to ME- I remember why I don't support Windows.

    It's a nightmare to install and maintain in most cases.

    Given I've installed Linux Mandrake 9.0 (with some
    updated packages beyond that as well) on SIX
    machines the past 2 months, Linux is definitely an IT
    guy's 'dream' operating system. At least I CAN easily
    work around some of the bugs.

    Those In The Know- know that Linux on the backend
    is THEIR dream operating system as well. Given the
    choice- would you rather work as an MCSE for 50+
    hours a week for a given salary, or the standard 40
    hour week (here in the States) at the same salary?

    A few annoying things about Linux on the desktop-

    1.) Inconsistent Menu entries in KDE.
    2.) $PATH to a program (ie; Sun's JVM) not
    being set upon installation system wide in
    users ~home directories (guess I'll learn
    yet how to reset $PATH system wide some
    day).
    3.) The USB subsystem getting ''lost'' at times.

    This is on Mandrake 9.0- YMMV.

    I digress however. Being able to run WMP, QT,
    and Shockwave under Crossover- Linux native Flash
    6, RP 8, Adobe Acrobat plugin, Java plugin, ...
    mplayer (seems so far to be able to play all DVD
    movies as well as all MS WM codecs thus far) ...
    Mozilla browser, Open Office, Abiword, LYX, GIMP,
    and buttloads of other Free programs ... fulfills the
    majority of desktop users needs.

    Save for those ''one or two applications'' (ie; some
    games) they aren't willing to give up. Although I'm
    probably better versed in operating system installation
    and use than the 'average' computer users- having
    given up Win98 over 4 years ago for Linux ... I still
    have a LOT to learn overall ... and I do NOT miss
    Windows one bit every time I hear about people
    having problems with viruses, trojans, worms, system
    crashes, registry corruptions, etc ...

    Let's not talk about 'forced' upgrades. I upgrade because
    I WANT to (although not every release) for free or cheap!

    I started out as a firm believ ...Howard B. Golden -- 22/12/02

    I started out as a firm believer in free enterprise and proprietary software. I still am. However, I'm also sick of Microsoft and a committed user of Linux and other free and open source software.

    How did I reach this point? By being an avid Microsoft user and developer who kept at it, and championed the product, until I realized that I wasn't that important to Microsoft, because I was only a customer! You see I woke up one day and realized that Microsoft was making things harder for me, not because I wanted them to be harder, but because they wanted to lock me in to their products. From that day on, I looked at Microsoft's products and marketing in a different light. I've come to the conclusion that Microsoft went off track years ago, and they're now focused on their success at my expense, not our mutual success.

    I wish that I didn't have this attitude about Microsoft, since I'm not against proprietary software. But Microsoft is a terrible example of a proprietary enterprise. As far as I'm concerned, Microsoft's problems are really of its own making, fed by its desire to succeed at any cost, rather than on merit and the value of its products to its customers. It ruined its reputation with me by its own behavior.

    I can only speak for myself, but that's why I have decided not to do business with Microsoft any more.

    When I first heard about Linux ...Anonymous -- 22/12/02

    When I first heard about Linux, it sounded like a cool idea, fun hobby and an excellent learning tool, so when I finally got my own computer, I made sure that the hardware would be linux-compatible.

    But then I discovered that there were other things I prefered to spend my time on. Plus I was some-what anxious about the learning-curve, and the possibility of having my computer out of commission while I tried to get things working right.

    Never-the-less, I've been gradually moving over from Windows to Linux. Whenever I falter, There's be a new virus, security hole, broken patch, or news about MS tactics to spur me on.

    I had reluctantly decided I had better learn some basic linux skills, just as insurance, -- or if you prefer, as self-defence -- against price hikes, lock-in, and the rising tide of viruses, trojans, etc.

    So I started small (very small -- switching from explorer to Netscape to Opera and Mozilla, from Outlook and Outlook Express to Pegasus and Eudora). The first changes were uncomfortable, but they gave me some protection against the endless Mellissas, ILoveYou's, etc, and once I learned One alternative way to do things, Other ways came easier.

    Since I wasn't in a big hurry, I started with Debian GNU/Linux and a good newbies-oriented book -- it included a Debian CD. (Sure, it wasn't supposed to be a newbie-friendly distribution, but I figured I'd turn the learning-curve issue into a positive. -- learn to handle this, the rest would be easy. But, to my surprise, having done a little homework meant that the notoriously difficult "newbie unfriendly" install was quite straight-forward).

    Now I find that I really do like Linux better than Windows. When I have a problem I can fix it, myself or with help, and what I learn is applicable to subsequent situations. Anyone who thinks that's remarkable or difficult should play with the Windows Registry some time.

    Linux is made to be understood; Windows is made to be obscure. This is NOT an accident, it is by deliberate design -- in both cases.

    Now, I tell my friends, they may not be using Windows themselves in the future. Theres a ton of applications, that fill most needs if they don't have specific aplication needs (basicly, Photo-shop (for non-web graphics), AutoCAD, or Dream-Weaver). OpenOffice/StarOffice works great. Gnu-Cash imports QB files, etc, etc. After they switch to Eudora, all those imported MS fomat mail-files are now *nix compatible. Even if they have no interest in Linux, switching to an alternative browser and mail-client is the SMART thing to do.

    They should consider switching over to Linux too. Or at least dual-boot. Not as insurance, but because they'll be happier with their computer.

    I've been using Linux for four ...Anonymous -- 22/12/02

    I've been using Linux for four years and I think I will never go back to windows. Yeah you might need to spend more money on linux sys admins than Windows. But I isn't better to spend your money on your employees than spending it on Mr. Gates?

    Kevin
    Software Engineer

    A short but simple point, I'd ...Peter Wolfendale -- 23/12/02

    A short but simple point, I'd just like to say that windows entrenches itself completely in Point and Click. The GUI can actually imprison and inconvenience the user. Administering several linux or unix machines is far easier if you know what you're doing than windows machines, simply beacuse of the way configuration is handled.

    Die drop down menus Die.

    I don't know yet who is going ...Anonymous -- 24/12/02

    I don't know yet who is going to win, but as a software developer with over fifteen years experience, I am hoping it will be Linux, and I am doing everything I can to encourage it.
    I spent most of the first nine years of my career developing software for various flavors of Unix, but mostly SunOS/Solaris. The big challenges during those years was finding algorithms to solve the problems that needed to be solved. The OS was never an issue and didn't get in my way. But for the past six and a half years I have been forced to work mostly on Microsoft Windows (all flavors). Admittedly, the problems I've been working on have been somewhat less challenging mathematically, but the challenge of getting around shortcomings and problems with the OS and development tools has been much greater.
    I am making a push on my current job to move some of our embedded development from Solaris to Linux instead of to Windows 2000 as had been planned. Whether I will succeed remains to be seen, but if not, I will probably start hunting for another job where I can work on Unix or Linux. Regardless, I refuse to use any Microsoft product on any of my home systems and I will continue to push back as much as I can wherever I work.

    When MS says the cost of Linux ...Anonymous -- 24/12/02

    When MS says the cost of Linux is higher than for Windows the assumption is that Unix skills are more expensive than Windows skills. The faulty assumption is that this will *always* be true.

    The fact is, anyone with a 486 or better in his closet can install Linux on it and teach himself how to use it at his own pace. This costs much less that NT certification would, and is worth more in the job market. Given that, many developers already have Linux boxes of some kind at home and more will in the future. Eventually this will make Linux expertise less expensive.

    Actually Linux is no more difficult to use than the MS-DOS/Windows systems we were all using a few years ago.

    Also, if you need to maintain a large number of boxen Linux is easier and cheaper. Linux does configuration using ordinary text files, making it easy to configure a bunch of identical boxes. You can also compare config files on different boxes using a diff utility. Compare this to maintaining the registry on the same number of boxes.

    Linux has built in tools for remote administration too.

    WinSock Used by Windows operat ...Anonymous -- 24/12/02

    WinSock

    Used by Windows operating systems (such as 98 and NT) to help interact with the TCP/IP protocol. The proper name for Winsock is " Windows Socket " and is a API (application programming interface) within the ISO/OSI networking model. Windows was not originally designed to be a network / networking capable operating system so they needed the file winsock.dll (.dll - dynamic link library) to enable this transition.

    Source: http://www.internet-guide.co.uk/winsock.html

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