Other technology companies still struggle with hacker community relations. Cisco especially has managed to alienate itself from the hacker community to the extent that T-shirts with anti-Cisco slogans were selling well at this year's Defcon event. Oracle also isn't a favourite, researchers said.
Cisco, along with Internet Security Systems, last month sued security researcher Michael Lynn after he gave a presentation on hacking router software at the Black Hat security conference. The company had previously tried to stop Lynn from giving his talk in the first place.
"It was definitely a surprise to see Cisco's reaction," iDefense's Sutton said. "I don't think that's the best approach. I do feel that it is happening less and that vendors are realising that we don't want to work against them, but with them."
Cisco contends it doesn't have any beef with Lynn's discoveries, but instead the company is unhappy about the way he went about distributing the information to the public.
"This incident violated aspects of normal protocol for dealing with security flaws," said Bob Gleichauf, CTO for Cisco's Security Technology Group. "And we are real sticklers for protocol."
But it seems that there have been several instances where Cisco has had similar problems in its dealings with researchers.
Early in 2004, Paul Watson discovered a flaw in the TCP/IP protocol that could be exploited on a number of networking products, including Cisco's routers. Watson said he initially e-mailed two of Cisco's engineers, who responded promptly. They were helpful and even contributed some thoughts and ideas to his research, he said.
But once the issue was identified as a serious security risk by the legal team at Cisco, the tone of the communication changed, Watson said. Cisco still wanted information from Watson, but no longer responded to his queries. Watson provided Cisco with several possible methods to correct the problem.
Alexander Kornbrust, security specialist in Oracle products
The impending talk spurred the company into action. Fixes were released a few days before the conference. However, Cisco not only provided patches, it also patented a fix for the flaw. This raised fears that Cisco might charge for the fix, which also affected other vendors, although Cisco did not.
"I was shocked," Watson said in an e-mail. "It really broke my trust in them." Cisco, like other software makers, wants security researchers to report flaws privately and have time to patch before disclosure, but Cisco took advantage of this period to apply for a patent, he said.
Playing it smart
A similar situation played out about a year later. Cisco tried to patent a fix to a flaw in the ICMP protocol that was discovered by Fernando Gont. The researcher outsmarted Cisco by documenting his discovery and the fix, and also by sharing the information privately with the open-source community and the Internet Engineering Task Force, a standards organisation.
Mary Ann Davidson, chief security officer at Oracle, sees security researchers who threaten vendors with disclosure of bugs as a problem, she wrote in a recent perspective piece. "The reality is that most vendors are trying to do better in vulnerability handling. Most don't need threats to do so," Davidson said.
Alexander Kornbrust specialises in security of Oracle products. He went public with details on six security vulnerabilities in Oracle software in July, about two years after he reported the bugs to the software maker and fixes still had not been provided.
Oracle chided Kornbrust as irresponsible for disclosing the data.
Although not entirely happy about his dealings with Oracle, Kornbrust said it is not an adversarial relationship. "Hostile is not the right expression. I did get feedback from Oracle," Kornbrust said. But that was only immediately after he reported the bugs. Oracle did not give Kornbrust updates on how it was addressing the problems afterwards.
"Oracle supports guidelines for responsible disclosure. One of those guidelines is that the company should send out updates to the researcher. They don't," said Kornbrust, who runs Germany's Red Database Security.
In the past, many hackers and security researchers outed glitches without giving much thought to the impact the disclosures would have on Internet users. Software makers have been working to provide a channel for disclosure. Several have also established patching schedules. Microsoft releases patches every second Tuesday of the month, and Oracle has a quarterly schedule.
Still, the debate on responsible disclosure rages. Recently the French Security Incident Response Team, or FrSIRT, was the subject of discussion on a popular security mailing list. FrSIRT, formerly known as K-Otic, releases details on vulnerabilities and also publishes exploit code that could help attackers. Sometimes the holes aren't yet patched. Other than FrSIRT selling its service, what good can such publishing do? critics have asked.
"With our dependency on IT systems, responsible disclosure is of paramount importance," said Howard Schmidt, an independent security consultant who has served as cybersecurity adviser to the White House and security executive at Microsoft and eBay.
Technology companies that are not responsive to security researchers do pose a problem, Schmidt said. He suggests that the government, specifically the US Computer Emergency Readiness Team (the Department of Homeland Security's Internet security agency), could act as an intermediary. "And then perhaps the government could put some pressure on (technology companies)," he said.
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